On 30 Oct. 2022, China’s legislature, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, ratified the “Treaty between the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of the Congo on Judicial Assistance in Criminal Matters” (中华人民共和国和刚果共和国关于刑事司法协助的条约), which was signed by representatives of the People’s Republic of China in Beijing on 5 July 2016.
Cover Photo by jonathan BUHENDWA on Unsplash
Contributors: CJO Staff Contributors Team
Chinese Judgments Go Global: Emerging Systemic Challenges and Confidence Deficit
This post analyzes the historic rise in cross-border judgment enforcement involving China, specifically focusing on the persistent challenges hindering the recognition of Chinese judgments abroad. It identifies two primary obstacles—emerging legal hurdles regarding systemic due process and a "confidence deficit" among Chinese creditors—and argues that addressing these is essential to sustaining the framework of mutual recognition.
In the case of Amazon Joyo v. CNIPA & Seletech et al. (2024), China’s Supreme People’s Court (SPC) addressed the procedural hurdles of serving an elusive foreign litigant in an intellectual property dispute. By integrating the Hague Service Convention with domestic civil procedure, the SPC validated a non-hierarchical, multi-track service strategy.
China’s Top Court Defines Legal Boundaries for Data Rights
In August 2025, China’s Supreme People's Court (SPC) issued its first batch of guiding cases on data rights, establishing clear judicial standards to curb excessive data collection and regulate China’s digital economy.
China’s Xiamen Launches Personal Bankruptcy Law, First Case Filed
Xiamen has implemented mainland China’s second local personal bankruptcy regulation, establishing a legal framework for “honest but unfortunate” debtors to seek economic recovery.
Australia NSW Court Enforces Chinese Judgment Against Guarantor Directly
In February 2025, the Supreme Court of New South Wales, Australia, granted recognition and enforcement to a Chinese monetary judgment of the First Intermediate People's Court of Hainan Province (Yangpu Huigu Pharmaceutical Corporation Limited v He [2025] NSWSC 28).
China MOJ Boosts World-Class Arbitration Institutions
In 2025, China's Ministry of Justice (MOJ) launched an initiative to cultivate leading international arbitration institutions with Chinese characteristics, selecting 22 for the first batch amid growing global recognition of Chinese arbitration hubs.
China Intensifies Crackdown on Non-Compliance with Court Judgments
China's top judicial bodies have issued new guidelines to strengthen punishment for refusing to comply with court judgments, building on recent efforts to tackle enforcement difficulties.
China’s Top Court Launches First Lawyers’ Liaison Office
China's Supreme People's Court has established a dedicated Lawyers' Liaison Office to better protect lawyers' professional rights and improve coordination with the legal profession.
China Revises Public Security Administration Punishments Law
China’s top legislature has revised its Public Security Administration Punishments Law to address emerging crimes, increase police transparency, and refine juvenile justice procedures, effective January 1, 2026.
New Zealand Court Enforces Chinese Mediation Judgment for the First Time
In November 2023, the High Court of New Zealand granted a summary judgment to enforce two Chinese court judgments (Tian v Xu [2023] NZHC 3259), marking the first reported case of a New Zealand court enforcing a Chinese mediation judgment—also known as a civil settlement statement.