In April 2025, the Mozambican Supreme Court ruled to recognize and enforce a Chinese monetary judgment of the Primary People’s Court of Nanhai District, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Han Boajun v. Minguei He (Case No. 75/2024-C)). This marks the first reported case where a PRC judgment was enforced in Mozambique.
This post analyzes the historic rise in cross-border judgment enforcement involving China, specifically focusing on the persistent challenges hindering the recognition of Chinese judgments abroad. It identifies two primary obstacles—emerging legal hurdles regarding systemic due process and a "confidence deficit" among Chinese creditors—and argues that addressing these is essential to sustaining the framework of mutual recognition.
On 31 Dec. 2025, China Justice Observer released the 2025 version of the List of China’s Cases on Recognition of Foreign Judgments. To date, we have collected 120 cases involving China and 26 foreign States and regions. (Note: Foreign divorce judgments are excluded from the Case List.)
Academy for the Rule of Law at China University of Political Science and Law
中国政法大学全面依法治国研究院
The Fifth Amendment (2023) to the PRC Civil Procedure Law introduced the long-awaited rule on refusal grounds of recognition and enforcement. This time, the four new articles provide the missing piece of the framework for the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in China.
No, the agreement, at least the part relating to the organizational structure and internal governance matters, may not be arbitrable, says Beijing Second Intermediate People's Court in Tang v. Beijing XX Decoration Technology Company (2019).
The Supplemental Arrangement on the Mutual Enforcement of Arbitral Awards between the Mainland and Hong Kong SAR (2020) provides detailed interpretation on reciprocal enforcement of arbitral awards, and further refines the interregional judicial assistance system.
In April 2025, the Mozambican Supreme Court ruled to recognize and enforce a Chinese monetary judgment of the Primary People’s Court of Nanhai District, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Han Boajun v. Minguei He (Case No. 75/2024-C)). This marks the first reported case where a PRC judgment was enforced in Mozambique.
This post analyzes the historic rise in cross-border judgment enforcement involving China, specifically focusing on the persistent challenges hindering the recognition of Chinese judgments abroad. It identifies two primary obstacles—emerging legal hurdles regarding systemic due process and a "confidence deficit" among Chinese creditors—and argues that addressing these is essential to sustaining the framework of mutual recognition.
In the case of Amazon Joyo v. CNIPA & Seletech et al. (2024), China’s Supreme People’s Court (SPC) addressed the procedural hurdles of serving an elusive foreign litigant in an intellectual property dispute. By integrating the Hague Service Convention with domestic civil procedure, the SPC validated a non-hierarchical, multi-track service strategy.
In August 2025, China’s Supreme People's Court (SPC) issued its first batch of guiding cases on data rights, establishing clear judicial standards to curb excessive data collection and regulate China’s digital economy.
China’s top legislature has revised its Public Security Administration Punishments Law to address emerging crimes, increase police transparency, and refine juvenile justice procedures, effective January 1, 2026.
China enacted its landmark first Private Economy Promotion Law, effective May 20, 2025, to guarantee fair competition, streamline market access via a unified negative list, and bolster private enterprises through financing, innovation, and service support.
China's revised marriage registration rules, effective May 2025, eliminate location restrictions, simplify procedures by removing hukou requirements, and align divorce processes with the Civil Code's cooling-off period.
In March 2025, China’s State Council issued detailed rules to operationalize the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law, outlining asset freezes, trade and investment restrictions, and judicial countermeasures to protect national interests.
In April 2025, the Mozambican Supreme Court ruled to recognize and enforce a Chinese monetary judgment of the Primary People’s Court of Nanhai District, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Han Boajun v. Minguei He (Case No. 75/2024-C)). This marks the first reported case where a PRC judgment was enforced in Mozambique.
This post analyzes the historic rise in cross-border judgment enforcement involving China, specifically focusing on the persistent challenges hindering the recognition of Chinese judgments abroad. It identifies two primary obstacles—emerging legal hurdles regarding systemic due process and a "confidence deficit" among Chinese creditors—and argues that addressing these is essential to sustaining the framework of mutual recognition.
In the case of Amazon Joyo v. CNIPA & Seletech et al. (2024), China’s Supreme People’s Court (SPC) addressed the procedural hurdles of serving an elusive foreign litigant in an intellectual property dispute. By integrating the Hague Service Convention with domestic civil procedure, the SPC validated a non-hierarchical, multi-track service strategy.
In February 2025, the Supreme Court of New South Wales, Australia, granted recognition and enforcement to a Chinese monetary judgment of the First Intermediate People's Court of Hainan Province (Yangpu Huigu Pharmaceutical Corporation Limited v He [2025] NSWSC 28).
China's top legislature has revised the Anti-Unfair Competition Law to better regulate digital economy practices, with new provisions targeting online unfair competition and platform responsibilities, effective October 15, 2025.
In November 2024, Zhuhai, Guangdong, adopted China's first local regulation on commercial mediation, effective January 1, 2025, to govern mediation activities within the Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone.
In December 2023, the Seventh Session of the Standing Committee of the Fourteenth National People’s Congress (NPC) promulgated the revised Company Law, introducing significant changes to governance, shareholding, and shareholder responsibilities.
The 2023 Civil Procedure Law introduces systematic regulations to enhance the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, promoting transparency, standardization, and procedural justice, while adopting a hybrid approach for determining indirect jurisdiction and introducing a reconsideration procedure as a legal remedy.
Wed, 04 Mar 2026 Insights Béligh Elbalti
In April 2025, the Mozambican Supreme Court ruled to recognize and enforce a Chinese monetary judgment of the Primary People’s Court of Nanhai District, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Han Boajun v. Minguei He (Case No. 75/2024-C)). This marks the first reported case where a PRC judgment was enforced in Mozambique.
Wed, 04 Feb 2026 China Legal Trends Meng Yu 余萌 , Wenliang Zhang
This post analyzes the historic rise in cross-border judgment enforcement involving China, specifically focusing on the persistent challenges hindering the recognition of Chinese judgments abroad. It identifies two primary obstacles—emerging legal hurdles regarding systemic due process and a "confidence deficit" among Chinese creditors—and argues that addressing these is essential to sustaining the framework of mutual recognition.
Tue, 20 Jan 2026 Insights Meng Yu 余萌
In the case of Amazon Joyo v. CNIPA & Seletech et al. (2024), China’s Supreme People’s Court (SPC) addressed the procedural hurdles of serving an elusive foreign litigant in an intellectual property dispute. By integrating the Hague Service Convention with domestic civil procedure, the SPC validated a non-hierarchical, multi-track service strategy.
Thu, 15 Jan 2026 China Legal Trends CJO Staff Contributors Team
In August 2025, China’s Supreme People's Court (SPC) issued its first batch of guiding cases on data rights, establishing clear judicial standards to curb excessive data collection and regulate China’s digital economy.
Thu, 15 Jan 2026 China Legal Trends CJO Staff Contributors Team
Xiamen has implemented mainland China’s second local personal bankruptcy regulation, establishing a legal framework for “honest but unfortunate” debtors to seek economic recovery.
Sat, 10 Jan 2026 Insights Meng Yu 余萌
In February 2025, the Supreme Court of New South Wales, Australia, granted recognition and enforcement to a Chinese monetary judgment of the First Intermediate People's Court of Hainan Province (Yangpu Huigu Pharmaceutical Corporation Limited v He [2025] NSWSC 28).
Tue, 06 Jan 2026 China Legal Trends CJO Staff Contributors Team
In 2025, China's Ministry of Justice (MOJ) launched an initiative to cultivate leading international arbitration institutions with Chinese characteristics, selecting 22 for the first batch amid growing global recognition of Chinese arbitration hubs.
Tue, 06 Jan 2026 China Legal Trends CJO Staff Contributors Team
China's top judicial bodies have issued new guidelines to strengthen punishment for refusing to comply with court judgments, building on recent efforts to tackle enforcement difficulties.
Wed, 31 Dec 2025 China Legal Trends CJO Staff Contributors Team
China's Supreme People's Court has established a dedicated Lawyers' Liaison Office to better protect lawyers' professional rights and improve coordination with the legal profession.
Wed, 31 Dec 2025 China Legal Trends CJO Staff Contributors Team
China’s top legislature has revised its Public Security Administration Punishments Law to address emerging crimes, increase police transparency, and refine juvenile justice procedures, effective January 1, 2026.
Wed, 31 Dec 2025 Insights Meng Yu 余萌
In November 2023, the High Court of New Zealand granted a summary judgment to enforce two Chinese court judgments (Tian v Xu [2023] NZHC 3259), marking the first reported case of a New Zealand court enforcing a Chinese mediation judgment—also known as a civil settlement statement.
Wed, 31 Dec 2025 Insights Guodong Du 杜国栋 , Meng Yu 余萌
On 31 Dec. 2025, China Justice Observer released the 2025 version of the List of China’s Cases on Recognition of Foreign Judgments. To date, we have collected 120 cases involving China and 26 foreign States and regions. (Note: Foreign divorce judgments are excluded from the Case List.)
Mon, 29 Dec 2025 China Legal Trends CJO Staff Contributors Team
China's top legislature has revised the Anti-Unfair Competition Law to better regulate digital economy practices, with new provisions targeting online unfair competition and platform responsibilities, effective October 15, 2025.
Tue, 04 Nov 2025 Insights Meng Yu 余萌
In March 2025, China’s Suzhou Intermediate People's Court recognized and enforced a Singapore monetary judgment in Golden Barley International Pte Ltd v Xiao (2023) Su 05 Xie Wai Ren No. 8. This case marks the first judicial application of the China-Singapore Memorandum of Understanding on Information on Foreign Law to ascertain Singapore law.
Tue, 04 Nov 2025 China Legal Trends CJO Staff Contributors Team
China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) has initiated a pilot for electronic apostilles to simplify cross-border document processes, starting with certificates of origin via an online CCPIT platform, amid rising commercial certificate issuances in 2025.
Tue, 28 Oct 2025 Insights Meng Yu 余萌
This 2025 update on expenses for enforcing foreign judgments in China confirms the consistent application of dual-track court fee standards. Fees are charged per case (CNY 50-500) for non-monetary obligations or recognition-only applications, while a progressive scale applies to combined recognition and enforcement (R&E) of monetary judgments.
Mon, 22 Sep 2025 Insights Meng Yu 余萌
In December 2024, the Beijing Fourth Intermediate People’s Court ruled to recognize and enforce two South Korean trademark judgments (SD Biotechnologies Co. Ltd v. LAP F&C (2022) Jing 04 Xie Wai Ren No.23-1). This marks the second reported case of a Korean IP-related judgment being recognized in China, following a similar case four years prior.
Mon, 22 Sep 2025 China Legal Trends CJO Staff Contributors Team
In June 2025, China's Supreme People's Court (SPC) released five typical cases addressing online consumption issues like false advertising and consumer rights to regulate new business formats such as live-stream marketing.
Wed, 03 Sep 2025 China Legal Trends CJO Staff Contributors Team
In June 2025, China's Supreme People's Court (SPC) released typical cases addressing AI voice cloning, face-swapping, and cyberbullying to combat new digital-era personality rights violations.
Tue, 26 Aug 2025 Insights Meng Yu 余萌
In December 2024, the High Court of New Zealand ruled to enforce a Chinese monetary judgment, rejecting the judgment debtor's natural justice defense (Hebei Huaneng Industrial Development Co Ltd v Shi [2024] NZHC 3656).
